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Articles

Jesus, Adoptee

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November 26, 2014

Next month, believers in Jesus will celebrate the virgin birth of their sinless Savior. We will think of the annunciation and Mary’s hymn of praise, the cattle stall and the extraordinary star in the sky.

How often do we think of Joseph? And, perhaps most importantly, how often do we think of his role as the world’s foremost adoptive father?

Scripture is clear that Jesus is the prophesied “Son of David,” the long-foretold inheritor of Israel’s throne (Matthew 1:1). This is a critical element of his messianic portfolio; were He not the rightful king of the Jews, Jesus would have been yet another pretender, a religious fabulist best forgotten. Rather, His right to rule the Jewish people is so essential to His assertion to be their Savior it is iterated twice even in the Book of Revelation (5:5, 22:16).

Jesus’s claim to the throne, articulated in Joseph’s genealogy, is affirmed throughout the Gospels, yet we seldom remember that this lineage was His, at least in part, because his legal father (Joseph) was descended from David.

That the eternal Son of God, through the Father made the world, was adopted is a strking thought. Yet in another sense, it should be a rather ho-hum fact for Christians.

Why? Because adoption is a healthy thing. It is the engrafting, legally and, more importantly, emotionally of a child into a family. For many couples, including my wife and me, adoption created their families. That adoption is a personal, social and moral good should be, at least for Christians who take their Bibles with any measure of seriousness, axiomatic.

But some people still struggle with the idea of adoption, as though a non-biological relationship with one’s child will be an impediment to love or loyalty.

This is troubling. If the fact of non-biological relationship prevents a Christian man or woman from giving to a boy or girl the affection, commitment and security for which he or she is longing, that dear soul needs to meet with a mature Christian counselor and work through it.

To sustain such a spirit unchallenged is to abandon one’s heart to fear, coldness or bigotry. It is to embrace an rough internal callous rather than to beat with the heart of flesh and compassion to which God calls those He has Himself called to be His own.

Some professing believers seem unaware that in Christ, all Christians are adopted. Our estrangement from and sinful stench in the nostrils of our Creator and Redeemer did not prevent Him from welcoming us into His arms.

In Romans 8, Paul teaches that all believers in Jesus are adopted “as sons,” and that through this new status before God, we are able to “cry out, ‘Abba! Father’ … and if (we are) children, (we are) heirs also, heirs of God and fellow heirs with Christ” (vv.15-17). It is thus that followers of Jesus are also His brothers and sisters (Hebrews 2:11), surely one of the most humbling and beautiful truths of Scripture.

For believers in our country, all of these truths come home in a unique way this month: November is National Adoption Month.

In proclaiming the first National Adoption Week (expanded to a month while Bill Clinton was President), Ronald Reagan – the adoptive father of a son, Michael – reminded us, “More children with permanent homes mean fewer children with permanent problems. That is why we must encourage a national effort to promote the adoption of children, and particularly children with special needs.”

National Adoption month is designed to encourage current and potential moms and dads across the country to consider making a child their own. Thankfully, many Americans have responded: According to data from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ Administration for Children and Families, “In 2007 and 2008, approximately 136,000 children were adopted annually in the United States. This represents a 6-percent increase in adoptions since 2000 and a 15-percent increase since 1990.”

However, the advocacy agency AdoptUSKids notes that thousands of children are languishing in foster care:

More than 250,000 children in the U.S. enter the foster care system every year. While more than half of these children will return to their parents, the remainder will stay in the system. Most of these children are living with foster families, but some also live in group facilities … Each year more than 20,000 children age out of the foster care without being adopted. Today there are 104,000 children in foster care waiting to be adopted ranging in age from less than a year old to 21.

Some of these children have profound developmental, psychological or physical needs. And, too, not all Christian adults are emotionally or financially equipped to deal with children who have such needs. Additionally, families who already have children are wise to be cautious about bringing into their homes children who might have a history of violence or threatening behavior, especially if kids already in the home are younger and thus more vulnerable.

With all of that said, there is a difference between inability and unwillingness: If you have the ability, do not let the discomfort and nuisance and even pain of raising children who “act out” or who need continuous and extensive physical care prevent you from extending to them the same love Jesus Christ has extended to you.

In this short piece, I have focused on domestic adoption, but of course there is a world of children who need loving homes. Their needs are real and the potential dangers for them as they grow-up in subsistence orphanages or worse are so ugly as to discourage description. But whether domestic or international, adoption is an imperative for the body of Christ.

The benefits of adoption are legion. As my colleagues with Family Research Council’s Marriage and Religion Research Institute have documented, “Adoption in the first 12 months of the child’s life produces the best outcomes, but all children will benefit, regardless of their age at placement.”

If you are of an age and in a place spiritually, emotionally and financially where you can adopt, prayerfully consider it. Seek the counsel of Godly men and women, including some who themselves have adopted. Research the issue and find out where and how adoption might fit into God’s plan for your life and that of your family. That’s the least you can do before a loving Father who, in His Son, adopted you.

For more information on Christian adoption agencies, go to http://www.ecfa.org/servantmatch.aspx and http://www.christianalliancefororphans.org/

Rob Schwarzwalder

Rob Schwarzwalder is a senior lecturer at Regent University.  His op-eds have been published in numerous national publications, ranging from TIME and U.S. News and World Report to Christianity Today, The Federalist, and The Public Discourse, as well as scores of newspapers and opinion journals. Read More

Article 12: The Future of AI

We affirm that AI will continue to be developed in ways that we cannot currently imagine or understand, including AI that will far surpass many human abilities. God alone has the power to create life, and no future advancements in AI will usurp Him as the Creator of life. The church has a unique role in proclaiming human dignity for all and calling for the humane use of AI in all aspects of society.

We deny that AI will make us more or less human, or that AI will ever obtain a coequal level of worth, dignity, or value to image-bearers. Future advancements in AI will not ultimately fulfill our longings for a perfect world. While we are not able to comprehend or know the future, we do not fear what is to come because we know that God is omniscient and that nothing we create will be able to thwart His redemptive plan for creation or to supplant humanity as His image-bearers.

Genesis 1; Isaiah 42:8; Romans 1:20-21; 5:2; Ephesians 1:4-6; 2 Timothy 1:7-9; Revelation 5:9-10

Article 11: Public Policy

We affirm that the fundamental purposes of government are to protect human beings from harm, punish those who do evil, uphold civil liberties, and to commend those who do good. The public has a role in shaping and crafting policies concerning the use of AI in society, and these decisions should not be left to those who develop these technologies or to governments to set norms.

We deny that AI should be used by governments, corporations, or any entity to infringe upon God-given human rights. AI, even in a highly advanced state, should never be delegated the governing authority that has been granted by an all-sovereign God to human beings alone. 

Romans 13:1-7; Acts 10:35; 1 Peter 2:13-14

Article 10: War

We affirm that the use of AI in warfare should be governed by love of neighbor and the principles of just war. The use of AI may mitigate the loss of human life, provide greater protection of non-combatants, and inform better policymaking. Any lethal action conducted or substantially enabled by AI must employ 5 human oversight or review. All defense-related AI applications, such as underlying data and decision-making processes, must be subject to continual review by legitimate authorities. When these systems are deployed, human agents bear full moral responsibility for any actions taken by the system.

We deny that human agency or moral culpability in war can be delegated to AI. No nation or group has the right to use AI to carry out genocide, terrorism, torture, or other war crimes.

Genesis 4:10; Isaiah 1:16-17; Psalm 37:28; Matthew 5:44; 22:37-39; Romans 13:4

Article 9: Security

We affirm that AI has legitimate applications in policing, intelligence, surveillance, investigation, and other uses supporting the government’s responsibility to respect human rights, to protect and preserve human life, and to pursue justice in a flourishing society.

We deny that AI should be employed for safety and security applications in ways that seek to dehumanize, depersonalize, or harm our fellow human beings. We condemn the use of AI to suppress free expression or other basic human rights granted by God to all human beings.

Romans 13:1-7; 1 Peter 2:13-14

Article 8: Data & Privacy

We affirm that privacy and personal property are intertwined individual rights and choices that should not be violated by governments, corporations, nation-states, and other groups, even in the pursuit of the common good. While God knows all things, it is neither wise nor obligatory to have every detail of one’s life open to society.

We deny the manipulative and coercive uses of data and AI in ways that are inconsistent with the love of God and love of neighbor. Data collection practices should conform to ethical guidelines that uphold the dignity of all people. We further deny that consent, even informed consent, although requisite, is the only necessary ethical standard for the collection, manipulation, or exploitation of personal data—individually or in the aggregate. AI should not be employed in ways that distort truth through the use of generative applications. Data should not be mishandled, misused, or abused for sinful purposes to reinforce bias, strengthen the powerful, or demean the weak.

Exodus 20:15, Psalm 147:5; Isaiah 40:13-14; Matthew 10:16 Galatians 6:2; Hebrews 4:12-13; 1 John 1:7 

Article 7: Work

We affirm that work is part of God’s plan for human beings participating in the cultivation and stewardship of creation. The divine pattern is one of labor and rest in healthy proportion to each other. Our view of work should not be confined to commercial activity; it must also include the many ways that human beings serve each other through their efforts. AI can be used in ways that aid our work or allow us to make fuller use of our gifts. The church has a Spirit-empowered responsibility to help care for those who lose jobs and to encourage individuals, communities, employers, and governments to find ways to invest in the development of human beings and continue making vocational contributions to our lives together.

We deny that human worth and dignity is reducible to an individual’s economic contributions to society alone. Humanity should not use AI and other technological innovations as a reason to move toward lives of pure leisure even if greater social wealth creates such possibilities.

Genesis 1:27; 2:5; 2:15; Isaiah 65:21-24; Romans 12:6-8; Ephesians 4:11-16

Article 6: Sexuality

We affirm the goodness of God’s design for human sexuality which prescribes the sexual union to be an exclusive relationship between a man and a woman in the lifelong covenant of marriage.

We deny that the pursuit of sexual pleasure is a justification for the development or use of AI, and we condemn the objectification of humans that results from employing AI for sexual purposes. AI should not intrude upon or substitute for the biblical expression of sexuality between a husband and wife according to God’s design for human marriage.

Genesis 1:26-29; 2:18-25; Matthew 5:27-30; 1 Thess 4:3-4

Article 5: Bias

We affirm that, as a tool created by humans, AI will be inherently subject to bias and that these biases must be accounted for, minimized, or removed through continual human oversight and discretion. AI should be designed and used in such ways that treat all human beings as having equal worth and dignity. AI should be utilized as a tool to identify and eliminate bias inherent in human decision-making.

We deny that AI should be designed or used in ways that violate the fundamental principle of human dignity for all people. Neither should AI be used in ways that reinforce or further any ideology or agenda, seeking to subjugate human autonomy under the power of the state.

Micah 6:8; John 13:34; Galatians 3:28-29; 5:13-14; Philippians 2:3-4; Romans 12:10

Article 4: Medicine

We affirm that AI-related advances in medical technologies are expressions of God’s common grace through and for people created in His image and that these advances will increase our capacity to provide enhanced medical diagnostics and therapeutic interventions as we seek to care for all people. These advances should be guided by basic principles of medical ethics, including beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, and justice, which are all consistent with the biblical principle of loving our neighbor.

We deny that death and disease—effects of the Fall—can ultimately be eradicated apart from Jesus Christ. Utilitarian applications regarding healthcare distribution should not override the dignity of human life. Fur- 3 thermore, we reject the materialist and consequentialist worldview that understands medical applications of AI as a means of improving, changing, or completing human beings.

Matthew 5:45; John 11:25-26; 1 Corinthians 15:55-57; Galatians 6:2; Philippians 2:4

Article 3: Relationship of AI & Humanity

We affirm the use of AI to inform and aid human reasoning and moral decision-making because it is a tool that excels at processing data and making determinations, which often mimics or exceeds human ability. While AI excels in data-based computation, technology is incapable of possessing the capacity for moral agency or responsibility.

We deny that humans can or should cede our moral accountability or responsibilities to any form of AI that will ever be created. Only humanity will be judged by God on the basis of our actions and that of the tools we create. While technology can be created with a moral use in view, it is not a moral agent. Humans alone bear the responsibility for moral decision making.

Romans 2:6-8; Galatians 5:19-21; 2 Peter 1:5-8; 1 John 2:1

Article 2: AI as Technology

We affirm that the development of AI is a demonstration of the unique creative abilities of human beings. When AI is employed in accordance with God’s moral will, it is an example of man’s obedience to the divine command to steward creation and to honor Him. We believe in innovation for the glory of God, the sake of human flourishing, and the love of neighbor. While we acknowledge the reality of the Fall and its consequences on human nature and human innovation, technology can be used in society to uphold human dignity. As a part of our God-given creative nature, human beings should develop and harness technology in ways that lead to greater flourishing and the alleviation of human suffering.

We deny that the use of AI is morally neutral. It is not worthy of man’s hope, worship, or love. Since the Lord Jesus alone can atone for sin and reconcile humanity to its Creator, technology such as AI cannot fulfill humanity’s ultimate needs. We further deny the goodness and benefit of any application of AI that devalues or degrades the dignity and worth of another human being. 

Genesis 2:25; Exodus 20:3; 31:1-11; Proverbs 16:4; Matthew 22:37-40; Romans 3:23

Article 1: Image of God

We affirm that God created each human being in His image with intrinsic and equal worth, dignity, and moral agency, distinct from all creation, and that humanity’s creativity is intended to reflect God’s creative pattern.

We deny that any part of creation, including any form of technology, should ever be used to usurp or subvert the dominion and stewardship which has been entrusted solely to humanity by God; nor should technology be assigned a level of human identity, worth, dignity, or moral agency.

Genesis 1:26-28; 5:1-2; Isaiah 43:6-7; Jeremiah 1:5; John 13:34; Colossians 1:16; 3:10; Ephesians 4:24