fbpx
Articles

Protecting the conscience: A battle between pharmacists and Washington state

/
August 22, 2016

Pharmacists in Washington state must now provide abortion-causing drugs to customers even if it violates their consciences to do so. After a legal battle that went all the way to the Supreme Court, the state’s requirement that all pharmacists must make Ella and Plan B available is in full force. As a result, any pharmacists whose consciences will not allow them to participate in abortion by providing these drugs will not be able to lawfully practice their professions in Washington state.

The state of Washington has decided that its interest in making these abortion drugs available is a higher priority than the consciences of some of its citizens. The state’s imposition of its requirement on the Stormans family illustrates the extremes to which it has decided to go in order to enforce its abortion agenda. The family has been in the pharmacy profession for more than 60 years. Until the state decided universal access to abortion-causing drugs was its priority, the family routinely, and willingly, referred customers who sought these drugs to one of more than 30 other pharmacies within a five mile radius of their business. During this time, no one, not one person, was ever denied access to these drugs, and the Stormans continued to fulfill their calling to serve their community with clear consciences.

The state no longer considers this successful compromise to be good enough, despite the fact that this referral process is even approved by the American Pharmacists Association. Under the governor’s direction, the Washington State Pharmacy Commission adopted a new regulation in 2005 that required every pharmacist and pharmacy in the state to sell Ella and Plan B drugs, regardless of their religious and conscience claims. No other impediment was targeted. Pharmacies could still refer customers to other stores for a wide range of other business, economic, and convenience reasons. They just couldn’t claim a conscience objection.

The place of the greater burden is clear. Those seeking these drugs can easily find another pharmacy, but the faithful cannot find another conscience. Washington state should acknowledge that they are crushing people of faith in order to solve a problem that doesn’t exist.

The state’s total lack of concern for conscience in this matter is distressing. Scripture describes the human conscience as an independent, inner voice that acts as a counselor and judge to instruct us to act according to God’s moral law (Rom. 2:12-16). It is God’s gift to help us to discern right from wrong and to choose to do right. As we all have experienced, its voice of condemnation or commendation is inescapable. Those whose conscience has been shaped by God’s truth understand that they must answer to God Himself if they act contrary to what His word teaches (James 4:17). Unless a person’s actions are clearly contrary to God’s revealed moral law, no external force or authority should require that person to violate the guidance of his or her conscience. It is, quite simply, intended by God to be inviolable.  

The state of Washington has clearly chosen to violate this space, however. It has made access to abortion not only a universal right, but the provision of access a universal requirement. By doing so, it has set itself up as a higher authority than God himself. What’s a person of conscience to do when government cannot discern between right and wrong and dictates that he or she must engage in what is wrong? The first Christian disciples answered that question when they declared, “We must obey God rather than men” (Acts 5:29). The Stormans family and many other committed Christian pharmacists in Washington state are now being forced into the position of either violating the law or giving up their calling as pharmacists.

It doesn’t have to come to this, however. There is a solution. It is the Conscience Protection Act. This bill prevents the federal government and state and local governments that receive federal financial assistance for health-related activities from penalizing or discriminating against a health care provider based on the provider's refusal to be involved in, or provide coverage for, abortion. The bill doesn’t deny access to the abortion drugs in question to anyone who wants them. It simply prevents government from punishing people whose consciences will not allow them to provide them. It will protect the consciences of the Stormans and other people of faith from the kind of heavy-handed, ideological tyranny being waged against them in Washington state right now.

This bill is worthy of our support. It has already been passed in the House of Representatives, by an overwhelming vote of 245-182. It must still be passed by the Senate and signed into law by the president. This may seem like a daunting task, but we must try. We can begin by praying that God will intervene on behalf of His people. With God involved, what at first seems unlikely becomes very possible. In addition, we can contact our senators and insist that they pass the Conscience Protection Act this year.

The Stormans family and thousands of other faithful Christians are depending on us. Their very ability to fulfill their calling from God is at risk. In coming to their aid, we will find ourselves working in defense of God’s amazing gift to all humanity—the inviolable human conscience.

Barrett Duke

Barrett Duke is now the executive director of the Montana Southern Baptist Convention. He is the former vice president for Public Policy and Research at the Ethics & Religious Liberty Commission. Read More by this Author

Article 12: The Future of AI

We affirm that AI will continue to be developed in ways that we cannot currently imagine or understand, including AI that will far surpass many human abilities. God alone has the power to create life, and no future advancements in AI will usurp Him as the Creator of life. The church has a unique role in proclaiming human dignity for all and calling for the humane use of AI in all aspects of society.

We deny that AI will make us more or less human, or that AI will ever obtain a coequal level of worth, dignity, or value to image-bearers. Future advancements in AI will not ultimately fulfill our longings for a perfect world. While we are not able to comprehend or know the future, we do not fear what is to come because we know that God is omniscient and that nothing we create will be able to thwart His redemptive plan for creation or to supplant humanity as His image-bearers.

Genesis 1; Isaiah 42:8; Romans 1:20-21; 5:2; Ephesians 1:4-6; 2 Timothy 1:7-9; Revelation 5:9-10

Article 11: Public Policy

We affirm that the fundamental purposes of government are to protect human beings from harm, punish those who do evil, uphold civil liberties, and to commend those who do good. The public has a role in shaping and crafting policies concerning the use of AI in society, and these decisions should not be left to those who develop these technologies or to governments to set norms.

We deny that AI should be used by governments, corporations, or any entity to infringe upon God-given human rights. AI, even in a highly advanced state, should never be delegated the governing authority that has been granted by an all-sovereign God to human beings alone. 

Romans 13:1-7; Acts 10:35; 1 Peter 2:13-14

Article 10: War

We affirm that the use of AI in warfare should be governed by love of neighbor and the principles of just war. The use of AI may mitigate the loss of human life, provide greater protection of non-combatants, and inform better policymaking. Any lethal action conducted or substantially enabled by AI must employ 5 human oversight or review. All defense-related AI applications, such as underlying data and decision-making processes, must be subject to continual review by legitimate authorities. When these systems are deployed, human agents bear full moral responsibility for any actions taken by the system.

We deny that human agency or moral culpability in war can be delegated to AI. No nation or group has the right to use AI to carry out genocide, terrorism, torture, or other war crimes.

Genesis 4:10; Isaiah 1:16-17; Psalm 37:28; Matthew 5:44; 22:37-39; Romans 13:4

Article 9: Security

We affirm that AI has legitimate applications in policing, intelligence, surveillance, investigation, and other uses supporting the government’s responsibility to respect human rights, to protect and preserve human life, and to pursue justice in a flourishing society.

We deny that AI should be employed for safety and security applications in ways that seek to dehumanize, depersonalize, or harm our fellow human beings. We condemn the use of AI to suppress free expression or other basic human rights granted by God to all human beings.

Romans 13:1-7; 1 Peter 2:13-14

Article 8: Data & Privacy

We affirm that privacy and personal property are intertwined individual rights and choices that should not be violated by governments, corporations, nation-states, and other groups, even in the pursuit of the common good. While God knows all things, it is neither wise nor obligatory to have every detail of one’s life open to society.

We deny the manipulative and coercive uses of data and AI in ways that are inconsistent with the love of God and love of neighbor. Data collection practices should conform to ethical guidelines that uphold the dignity of all people. We further deny that consent, even informed consent, although requisite, is the only necessary ethical standard for the collection, manipulation, or exploitation of personal data—individually or in the aggregate. AI should not be employed in ways that distort truth through the use of generative applications. Data should not be mishandled, misused, or abused for sinful purposes to reinforce bias, strengthen the powerful, or demean the weak.

Exodus 20:15, Psalm 147:5; Isaiah 40:13-14; Matthew 10:16 Galatians 6:2; Hebrews 4:12-13; 1 John 1:7 

Article 7: Work

We affirm that work is part of God’s plan for human beings participating in the cultivation and stewardship of creation. The divine pattern is one of labor and rest in healthy proportion to each other. Our view of work should not be confined to commercial activity; it must also include the many ways that human beings serve each other through their efforts. AI can be used in ways that aid our work or allow us to make fuller use of our gifts. The church has a Spirit-empowered responsibility to help care for those who lose jobs and to encourage individuals, communities, employers, and governments to find ways to invest in the development of human beings and continue making vocational contributions to our lives together.

We deny that human worth and dignity is reducible to an individual’s economic contributions to society alone. Humanity should not use AI and other technological innovations as a reason to move toward lives of pure leisure even if greater social wealth creates such possibilities.

Genesis 1:27; 2:5; 2:15; Isaiah 65:21-24; Romans 12:6-8; Ephesians 4:11-16

Article 6: Sexuality

We affirm the goodness of God’s design for human sexuality which prescribes the sexual union to be an exclusive relationship between a man and a woman in the lifelong covenant of marriage.

We deny that the pursuit of sexual pleasure is a justification for the development or use of AI, and we condemn the objectification of humans that results from employing AI for sexual purposes. AI should not intrude upon or substitute for the biblical expression of sexuality between a husband and wife according to God’s design for human marriage.

Genesis 1:26-29; 2:18-25; Matthew 5:27-30; 1 Thess 4:3-4

Article 5: Bias

We affirm that, as a tool created by humans, AI will be inherently subject to bias and that these biases must be accounted for, minimized, or removed through continual human oversight and discretion. AI should be designed and used in such ways that treat all human beings as having equal worth and dignity. AI should be utilized as a tool to identify and eliminate bias inherent in human decision-making.

We deny that AI should be designed or used in ways that violate the fundamental principle of human dignity for all people. Neither should AI be used in ways that reinforce or further any ideology or agenda, seeking to subjugate human autonomy under the power of the state.

Micah 6:8; John 13:34; Galatians 3:28-29; 5:13-14; Philippians 2:3-4; Romans 12:10

Article 4: Medicine

We affirm that AI-related advances in medical technologies are expressions of God’s common grace through and for people created in His image and that these advances will increase our capacity to provide enhanced medical diagnostics and therapeutic interventions as we seek to care for all people. These advances should be guided by basic principles of medical ethics, including beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, and justice, which are all consistent with the biblical principle of loving our neighbor.

We deny that death and disease—effects of the Fall—can ultimately be eradicated apart from Jesus Christ. Utilitarian applications regarding healthcare distribution should not override the dignity of human life. Fur- 3 thermore, we reject the materialist and consequentialist worldview that understands medical applications of AI as a means of improving, changing, or completing human beings.

Matthew 5:45; John 11:25-26; 1 Corinthians 15:55-57; Galatians 6:2; Philippians 2:4

Article 3: Relationship of AI & Humanity

We affirm the use of AI to inform and aid human reasoning and moral decision-making because it is a tool that excels at processing data and making determinations, which often mimics or exceeds human ability. While AI excels in data-based computation, technology is incapable of possessing the capacity for moral agency or responsibility.

We deny that humans can or should cede our moral accountability or responsibilities to any form of AI that will ever be created. Only humanity will be judged by God on the basis of our actions and that of the tools we create. While technology can be created with a moral use in view, it is not a moral agent. Humans alone bear the responsibility for moral decision making.

Romans 2:6-8; Galatians 5:19-21; 2 Peter 1:5-8; 1 John 2:1

Article 2: AI as Technology

We affirm that the development of AI is a demonstration of the unique creative abilities of human beings. When AI is employed in accordance with God’s moral will, it is an example of man’s obedience to the divine command to steward creation and to honor Him. We believe in innovation for the glory of God, the sake of human flourishing, and the love of neighbor. While we acknowledge the reality of the Fall and its consequences on human nature and human innovation, technology can be used in society to uphold human dignity. As a part of our God-given creative nature, human beings should develop and harness technology in ways that lead to greater flourishing and the alleviation of human suffering.

We deny that the use of AI is morally neutral. It is not worthy of man’s hope, worship, or love. Since the Lord Jesus alone can atone for sin and reconcile humanity to its Creator, technology such as AI cannot fulfill humanity’s ultimate needs. We further deny the goodness and benefit of any application of AI that devalues or degrades the dignity and worth of another human being. 

Genesis 2:25; Exodus 20:3; 31:1-11; Proverbs 16:4; Matthew 22:37-40; Romans 3:23

Article 1: Image of God

We affirm that God created each human being in His image with intrinsic and equal worth, dignity, and moral agency, distinct from all creation, and that humanity’s creativity is intended to reflect God’s creative pattern.

We deny that any part of creation, including any form of technology, should ever be used to usurp or subvert the dominion and stewardship which has been entrusted solely to humanity by God; nor should technology be assigned a level of human identity, worth, dignity, or moral agency.

Genesis 1:26-28; 5:1-2; Isaiah 43:6-7; Jeremiah 1:5; John 13:34; Colossians 1:16; 3:10; Ephesians 4:24